Dosadašnji radovi objavljeni za LiBRE časopis

Te davne 2004. godine grupa mladih entuzijazista te Linuxaša je pokrenula časopis LiBRE, sada već izuzetno popularan regionalni časopis o Linux-u i open source softveru. Časopis obrađuje poznate Linux distribucije kao što su Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, Elementary, Puppy do softvera otvorenog koda kojeg svakodnevno koriste Linux korisnici a među kojima vrijedi pomenuti Libre Office, VLC Media Player, Kodi, Scribus te druge programe razne namjene. Pored Linux distribucija tu su i intervjui sa nekim od imena Linux-a te svijeta softvera otvorenog koda do regionalnih događaja kao što je BalCCon - Balkan Computer Congress te drugi. 

Piše: Amar Tufo

17. April 2018

Otkud ja u ovom projektu?

Ja sam se LiBRE projektu pridružio još 2017. godine sa člankom po imenu 'Slobodni softver u BiH'. U ovom svom prvom članku koji je objavljen kako u online izdanju tako i u .pdf formatu koji je ubrzo objavljen nakon toga. Tako se moj članak našao u 46. izdanju LiBRE časopisa čime sam zvanično postao i autor te saradnik ovog uspješnog regionalnog projekta.

Video: Amar Tufo - Dosadašnji radovi objavljeni za LiBRE časopis

Izvor: http://www.youtube.com/c/amartufo

Slika 1: Isječak iz članka 'Slobodni softver u BiH'

Izvor: LiBRE časopis | broj 46

Ostali autorski radovi objavljeni za LiBRE časopis

Ubrzo nakon ovog članka nisam htio praviti veliku pauzu te je na redu bio i broj 47 koje je LiBRE marljivo pripremao sakupljajući radove svojih autora. Obzirom da časopis ima striktna autorska pravila članak mora biti unikatan i nešto o čemu se do sada nije pisalo. Tako sam imao jedan interesantan projekat iz C++ programiranja gdje sam radio  sa objektima i klasama a morao sam na kraju projekat postaviti i na svoj Git HUB. Tako sam napisao za broj 47 rad na temu: 'Uvod u Objektno Orjentisano programiranje u C++ -u I-dio'. 

Slika 2: Isječak iz članka 'Uvod u objektno orjentisano programiranje C++ (1. dio)'

Izvor slike: LiBRE časopis | broj 47

Ovaj članak je za mene bio veliki izazov obzirom da sam morao napraviti i malo istraživanje prije nego li sam išta napisao. Ukratko, riječ je o malom C++ programu koji koristi klase i objekte kako bi predstavio osnovne informacije o studentu a iste informacije poslje kompajliranja su spašene u tekstualnu datoteku po imenu Student.txt. Program izgleda kao na slici 3.

  

Slika 3: Izgled programa Student sa datotekom Student.txt i C++ izvornim kodom

Izvor slike: /home/amar/Desktop/slika3.png

O ovome programu nešto više malo kasnije u posebnom video klipu koji će biti objavljen na mom YouTube kanalu. 

Moj treći članak za LiBRE časopis je obrađivao 'Prve korake s Kdenlive video editorom' gdje sam opisao ukratko Kdenlive kao program, njegov izgled interfejsa te prikazao na praktičnom primjeru izradu te obradu veoma jednostavnog video uratka kako bi demonstrirao mogučnosti koje Kdenlive nudi. Članak je objavljen u 48. broju LiBRE časopisa i jednako je koristan za sve one koji traže Windows alternativu za uređivanje svojih video klipova ali i izradu jednostavnih tutorijala za YouTube.

Slika 4: Isječak iz članka 'Prvi koraci s Kdenlajvom'

Izvor slike: LiBRE časopis | broj 48

Ja Kdenlive koristim za izradu i obradu svih svojih video klipova te Linux tutorijala na svom YouTube kanalu a u istom sam programu izradio i svoj oficijelni website intro te nekoliko kratkih, smiješnih vajnova koje možete pogledati na mom YouTube kanalu. Moj website intro je prikazan na donjem videu.

Video 1: AmarTufoInteractive - oficijelni intro (Powered by Kdenlive)

Izvor: http://www.youtube.com/c/amartufo

I na kraju?

Mogu samo da kažem da sam zaista mnogo ponosan što su ovi članci objavljeni te kao takvi postali dostupni široj Linux zajednici na čitanje. Ali nisu ni posljednji koje ću objaviti za ovaj sjajan časopis jer u trenutku pisanja ovog članka u pripremi su za objavu i drugi moji članci koji uskoro stižu a u novom 49. broju LiBRE časopisa možete očekivati moj drugi dio uvoda u objektno orjentisano programiranje u C++-u te još mnogo interesantnih i praktičnih članaka iz Linux System administracije. Stoga će se tako i ovaj tekst ažurirati sa svakim novim člankom koji ja objavim za LiBRE časopis. A do tada posjetite moj web sajt, pročitajte par članaka iz Linux administracije ili pak iz Arheologije ako vas zanima. Svratite na moj YouTube kanal, možda pronađete nešto interesantno, ostavite lajk, šerujte moj YouTube kanal dalje i obavezno SUBSCRIBE.

Do čitanja!!!

____________________________

Reference:

[1] Slobodan softver u Bosni i Hercegovini [LiBRE]
https://libre.lugons.org/index.php/2017/01/slobodan-softver-u-bosni-i-hercegovini/

[2] Uvod u Objektno orjentisano programiranje u C++ (1.dio) [LiBRE]
https://libre.lugons.org/index.php/2017/05/uvod-u-objektno-orjentisano-programiranje-u-c-1-dio/

[3] Prvi koraci s Kjdenlajvom [LiBRE]
https://libre.lugons.org/index.php/2017/11/prvi-koraci-sad-kdenlajvom/

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[REVIEW] Zbogom Linux Mint - hello Ubuntu Mate

Nakon puna četiri mjeseca korištenja, danas sam zvanično napustio Linux Mint 18.3 Sylvia koji je pogonio moj laptop. Objavljen 18. decembra ove godine, Linux Mint je donjeo niz poboljšanja tako da je jako dobro služio i mene i moj laptop. Nisam imao nikakvih zamjerki po pitanju same distribucije, njegove stabilnosti i brzine. Do duše, moj laptop je nešto srednjih performansi sa 2 GB RAM-a, Intel Dual Core procesor 1.9 GHz, nVIDIA Quadro FX 512 MB grafička karta i 160 GB hard diska. Obzirom da sam ja srednji korisnik računala koji ne igra hard core igrice, laptop koristim za poslovne zadatke tako da u ostale oblasti ne zalazim ako ne moram.

Autor: Amar Tufo

8. April 2018

Linux Mint 18.3 Sylvia - ukratko -

Iako do sada nisam radio recenziju niti jedne distribucije, evo da u par riječi kažem nešto o Linux Mint-u, šta sam uspio ja da uradim s njim, kako me je služio i slično. Kao što sam rekao i ranije, Linux Mint koji sam ja koristio je 18.3 Sylvia MATE radno okruženje gore na slici. Objavljen 18. decembra ove godine, Linux Mint je prije svega donjeo poboljšanja ne samo u stabilnosti rada distribucije nego i u brzini odgovora prilikom otvaranja pojedinih aplikacije, dorađene teme i ikone, proširen dodatak aplikacija koje se mogu instalirati itd. 

Neki moji grafički radovi urađeni na Linux Mint-u

Sa specifikacijama koje moj laptop (Fujitsu Siemenes H250) ima, Linux Mint je jako dobro radio svoj posao i ja sam prezadovoljan. Neke od standardnih aplikacija koje redovno koristim su Libre Office, GIMP, Inkscape, Audacity, Kdenlive i druge koje mi zatrebaju. Tako sam u GIMP-u nedavno radio svoj prvi logo po naruđbi koji izgleda ovako.

Slika 1: Udruženje "ARKADA" Sarajevo 

Logo dizajn: Amar Tufo | GIMP

Logo se je sigurno mogao daleko bolje uraditi preko Inkscape koristeći druge fontove i efekte tipa blending i shadow, inset itd, ali je moj klijent zadovoljan što se tiće logo dizajna te ga je prihvatio ovakvog. 

Osim ovog logotipa, tu je i još jedan logo koji radim za lokalnu ćevabdžinicu "AMIRA" koja se nalazi u Pazariću kod Hadzića. Logo u prvoj verziji izgleda ovako a urađen je u GIMP-u. 

Slika 2: Ćevabdžinica "KOD AMIRE" (Pazarić, Hadžići)

Logo dizajn: Amar Tufo | GIMP

Pored gornjeg loga sam u GIMP-u uradio i poster iz Arheologije u čast Pakala Velikog, kralja Majanskog grada Palenke u današnjem Meksiku. Poster izgleda ovako.

Slika 3: Poster Pakala Velikog sa njegovom kratkom biografijom

Dizajn postera: Amar Tufo | GIMP

Za vas koji niste arheolozi, Pakal je vladao Majanskim gradom Palenke između 615 - 680. godine. Njegovo puno ime je K'inich Janaab Pakal bolje poznat kao Pakal Veliki. Vladao je punih 68. godina samo godinu više od Egipatskog faraona Ramzesa II. Sahranjen je u svom hramu Inskripcija (Zapisa) koji je prikazan u pozadini njegovo postera a njegovu mumiju u unutrašnjosti njegova hrama je 1952. godine otkrio Meksički arheolog Alberto Ruz Lhuillier. 

U Inkscape-u sam upravo na Linux Mint-u uradio nedavno sjajan poster iz Arheologije u čast Asirskog kralja Adad-nirarija I (1295 - 1263. godina prije Krista) koji je ostavio dug proglas o osvajanju gradova Sirijske kraljevine Mitanni. Poster izgleda ovako.

Slika 4: Proglas Asirskog kralja Adad-nirarija i njegovo osvajanje gradova kraljevine Mitanni

Dizajn postera: Amar Tufo | Inkscape

Ukratko, u pozadini postera je Ašur (danas arheološki lokalitet Kalat Šerq'at), prijestolnica Asirske države tijekom Srednjeg Asirskog perioda (1392 - 934. godina prije Krista). Na vrhu su dva krilata lava sa glavne kapije grada Ašura a u sredini je titula Asirskog kralja Adad-nirarija koja se nalazi i na njegovom maču tipa "Kopeš" koji se danas čuva u Britanskom muzeju u Londonu. Dole u donjem desnom uglu je vjerovatan portret Adad-nirarija a u lijevom donjem uglu je logo mog sajta sa napomenom kako je poster kreiran prema mom autorskom radu: "Asirska izaslanstva u Egiptu". 

Pored postera posvećenog Asirskom kralju Adad-nirariju, 15. marta sam uradio i poster posvećen Gaju Juliju Cezaru obzirom da je 15. mart dan Martovskih Ida te ujedno dan kada je ubijen Rimski imperator i diktator Gaj Julije Cezar (100 - 44. godina prije Krista). Njegov poster izgleda ovako.

Slika 5: Poster Rimskog imperatora Gaja Julija Cezara

Dizajn postera: Amar Tufo | Inkscape

Vjerujem da ste svi već više puta čuli tko je bio Gaj Julije Cezar, ali je 15. mart 44. godine u njegovom životu ujedno značio i njegov kraj. Obzirom da je proveo deset godina ratujući u Galiji (današnja Francuska) od 58 - 50. godine prije Krista sa mnogim Galskim plemenima gdje napisao i svoju dobro poznatu knigu "Galski ratovi", Cezar je uradio ono što nijedan Rimljanin prije njega nije. 

On je 49. godine pred rijekom Rubikon izrekao poznatu latinsku izreku "Alea iacta est - kocka je bačena" te svojom vojskom izveo napad na Rim i tako započeo Građanske ratove. Konačno je pao 15. marta 44. godine prije Krista u Senatu u udruženoj klopci Gaja Kasija Longina, Decima Junija Bruta (Starijeg) te Marka Junija Bruta. 

Uglavnom, može se vidjeti kako ovo i nije uopšte nikakva recenzija obzirom da sam ovdje i naveo svoje radove iz grafičkog dizajna rađene koristeći upravo GIMP i Inkscape. Za radove koje sam radio koristeći Kdenlive onda posjetite obavezno moj YouTube kanal te svratite na listu: AmarTufo-vines gdje možete vidjeti neke moje smiješne kratke vajnove koje sam uradio ponosno koristeći Kdenlive - open source video editor. Neki kratak uradak iz Kdenlive-a je i oficijelni intro moje web stranice koji izgleda ovako.

Video 1: AmarTufoInteractive official intro

Izvor: http://www.youtube.com/c/amartufo

Što se tiće Ubuntu Mate-a za sada vam oko njega i nemam šta da posebno kažem pošto ću danas da ga instaliram i njime zamijenim Linux Mint. Mogu samo da kažem kako se ja i Ubuntu već dugo poznajemo i družimo skoro osam godina obzirom da smo se prvi put sreli još davne 2009. godine kada je 23. aprila izašao Ubuntu 9.04 Jaunty Jackalop kada sam i ušao u Linux vode. Ozbiljnije sam se, pak, počeo baviti Linux System administracijom od 2016. godine gdje, eto, prelazim sa distribucije na distribuciju. Toliko od mene za sada a mi se uskoro vidimo na Ubuntu MATE.

Do čitanja ! ! !

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NDG Linux Essential - week 7 final exam-

Welcome again to my NDG Linux Essential adventure, module 7 of my Linux course. Shortly, NDG Linux Essential module 7 cover mostly working with tar, gzip, bzip2, compressing/uncompressing, creating tarball, viewing it's content, extracting it into other directory on your Linux distribution and so on. I have learn so much amazing and important things on working with tarball, creating a backup of your files and directories which could be very handy when you uploading a files to your server or website and so on. Finally, my module ended with exam that consisted of 10 questions which I successfully scored with 10 grade. Here's my final exam of module 7. Oh, I almost forgot. Before you view my exam, I suggest you to jump on my tutorial of working with tarball which you can see down bellow.

Written by: Amar Tufo

16. August 2017

Video tutorial: Working with tarball ~ Amar Tufo

Source: http://www.youtube.com/c/amartufo

Ok, and here's a test for NDG Linux Essential module 7 of my intensive Linux course which consisting of 10 questions as previous modules. Question have been answered and you can access them via my website.



That's all folks for this week. I hope that this intensive Linux course will help and motivate you as well to get started your own Linux career and preparation for some serious Linux certification such as LPIC-1 which I have started. I see you soon on my YouTube channel and in NDG Linux Essential - week 8 - . Till then, have a nice weekend!

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NDG Linux Essential - module 7 - short intro

Welcome to my seven week of my NDG Linux Essential adventure. As you know I have recently published my first LPIC Shell Exam, final exam for SHELL chapter compiled after LPIC-1 Certification Bible which I use for LPIC-1 exam preparation alongside NDG Linux Essential course. As noted I have completed successfully LPIC-1 Shell chapter from mentioned book (link is down in description bellow). Now the NDG Linux Essential course - module 7- is covering the following tasks in order to complete it:

> > Compressing files under Linux format such as .tar.gz
> > Decompressing files . . .
> > Archiving . . .

Basically this module is very short but it does include the final 10 question exam in order to complete it. Check the image down bellow:

Image 1: NDG Linux Essential module 7 intro

Image source: http://www.netdevgroup.com 

As you can see, it is very short part of my NDG Linux Adventure and therefore I'm going to expend it using LPIC-1 Certification Bible /special chapter. Stay tuned and have a nice stay at my blog.

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LPIC SHELL exam

It's been a week since my latest post from my LPIC - 1 preparation which is still in progress and in week seven of my Linux adventure. Last week I have cover an amazing SHELL chapter from LPIC Certification Bible which is official resource for LPIC -1 or Linux System Administrator. From my point, I'm quite experience working with SHELL, I can write a simple BASH script, create an environment variable and so on. Basically this chapter covers almost the same thing but with better advice, tips and notes on SHELL. In this article you can see my full LPIC SHELL exam which consists from 23 questions compiled using the SHELL chapter from LPIC Bible book. 

Written by: Amar Tufo

23. July 2017

As noted in the exam bellow, this is unofficial exam which I have compiled for my self to test my knowledge and get prepared better for final LPIC exam. Test is has open access and you can use it as well to see some of the very similar question from LPIC exam / Linux System Administrator. That's all for today and I'l see you next time.

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NDG Linux - Video Komentar -

Iako sam nedavno uspio objaviti oba zvanična izvještaja za šestu sedmicu NDG Linux kursa, direktne pripreme za LCPI - 1 test za Linux System admina, tako sam danas iskoristio svoje znanje iz Kdenlive-a te kreirao kratak video komentar na svoju edukaciju i podijelio s vama neko stečeno znanje. Ja ovdje neću navoditi reference do zvaničnih članaka NDG Linux kursa jer su isti pomenuti u opisu mog video komentara. Prije nego pogledate video, ne zaboravite stisnuti <SUBSCRIBE> na moj YouTube kanal jer mi to pomaže da pravim bolje YouTube video klipove.

Piše: Amar Tufo
13. Juli 2017

To bi bilo sve na kraju. Ostanite još na mojoj web stranici jer možda pronađete još po koji zanimljiviji članak osim ove hard core NDG Linux obuke. Do čitanja !!!

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NDG Linux Essential - module 6 final EXAM -

Finally I have written my NDG Linux Essential course - week 6 - in two parts and now I'm about to show you how my final exam look like, it's question and finally the grade I scored. I must say that these are official NDG Linux Essential exams for each week I passed and they can be really challenging when it comes to show off your Linux skills and knowledge. Ok! Let's jump into test. 

Written by: Amar Tufo

10. July 2017

This is the official and final exam for NDG Linux Essential module 6 - working with files and directories. I scored 8 grade in this test as I'm very proud on my self since these kind of skills are mostly required when working with files and directories in Linux. Make sure to comment my test, share booth articles in description bellow. That's it. I'l see you at 7 week of NDG Linux adventure.

________________ References:_______________

1) NDG Linux Essential course - week 6 - part I

http://www.amartufointeractive.org/2017/07/ndg-linux-essential-course-week-6-part-i.html

2) NDG Linux Essential course - week 6 - part II

http://www.amartufointeractive.org/2017/07/ndg-linux-essential-week-6-part-ii.html

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NDG Linux Essential - week 6 - part II

Welcome to my second part of NDG Linux Essential course which is preparation for LCPI - 1 exam to becoming Linux System Administrator. I have recently write a first part of NDG Linux Essential - week 6 - part I so make sure to read it first before moving on my second part. In this part I'm about to show you the rest of commands such as cp, mv,  rm, touch, cat, and example for each of this command to get idea what they do and what is their purpose. After this part, I'm about to publish separately final exam for module 6 in .pdf file so that you can see it and experience some of the Linux questions from this course in first hand. Let's begin!

Written by: Amar Tufo 

9. July, 2017

1) cp - copy

We are beginning with command cp which is used for coping files and folders from one location to another on your home folder. In the following sample I'm about to copy a empty file foo.txt from Desktop to directory named foo. 

Image 1: Coping foo.txt file to foo directory via cp command 

Source:  local /home/amar/Desktop

In short, this image above shows entire process of coping an empty file named foo.txt to foo directory. I have also used ls command to list the foo directory content so that you can see what's inside, in this case, an empty foo.txt file.

2) mv - move or rename

There is a god reason why you need to now how to use mv command. This command allows you to move files and directories or renamed them while moving end so on. In the following sample we are going to move image.png file to foo directory on Desktop. See the image 2 down bellow:

Image 2: Moving image.png to foo directory via mv command

Image source: local /home/amar/Desktop

In short, I have moved image.png file via mv command into foo directory. Now as I have mentioned above, mv command can be used to rename the files and directory as well. In the following sample, I'm about to rename foo directory into image directory using mv command. See the image 2.1 down bellow:

Image 2.1: Renaming foo directory into image directory via mv command

Image source: local /home/amar/Desktop

There you go, now our foo directory named has changed into image directory. Now our image directory has his child file image.png. Pretty amazing, don't you think?

3) rm - remove a file or directory

Well, there is nothing so special about this command and I assumed that most of you are already familiar with this command and how to remove a file via rm command. Just in case you don't know, here is the sample. In the following sample I'm about to remove image directory with it's image.png file from Desktop using only rm  command. See the image 3 down bellow:

Image 3: Removing image directory from Desktop using rm command

Image source: local /home/amar/Desktop

Short note, the following command 'rm -rf -v image' has successfully removed image directory with it's content, image.png file. Only thing that might confuse you is -v argument in front of rm -rf command. It's a verbose and it tells you that image directory was removed, it informs about action that just happened. 

4) touch - change a file timestamps 

One easiest way to create an report.txt file via Terminal is using touch command. Although it changes a file timestamps, this command allows you to create a file as well. In the following sample we are going to create an empty report.txt file on Desktop. See the image 4 down bellow:

Image 4: Creating empty report.txt file on Desktop using touch command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

In the following image 4.1 you are going to see how I modified creation time using touch command. See the image bellow:

Image 4.1: Modifying time creation of report.txt file using touch command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

Here's a short note, in the image 4.1 above I have used the following command touch to create a report.txt file. Such file was created on 18:09:13 | 10 July. Using the touch -m report.txt command, I have updated creation time to most recent on my system clock as you can see, the report.txt file is now created on 18:12:38. That's it. For more about touch command please visit man touch.

5) cat - concatenate files and print on the standard output 

Now, here's a command which you can use to write and read to a file using echo command. Since our report.txt file is empty, in the following sample we are going to fill it with some text via Terminal. See the image 5 down bellow:

Image 5: Writing to report.txt file using echo command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

Short note: In this sample I have write a text 'This is NDG Linux Essential course by: Amar Tufo' into report.txt file using echo command. At the end, I have used cat command to read a report.txt file via terminal and as you can see, the text was successfully written to a file. See the image 5.1 as well:

Image 5.1: Report.txt file fill with simple message using echo command

Image source: /local/home/amar/Desktop

This is, now you know how to write to a file using echo command and how to read it using cat command via terminal. 

___________________ Conclusion: ___________________

We came to an end of my NDG Linux Essential course - week 6 - official reports in two parts. Hopefully now you know how to use some most common Linux commands such as pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, cp, mv,  rm, touch, cat, and I hope as well that you're not gonna stop it here. Linux is a vast and unexplored area for those of you willing to chase a career in Linux weather it's a Linux kernel developer, Linux system administrator or better, Linux app developer. But it's all to you, how much you are willing to learn in order to master Linux and to become a Linux ninja. Let me know in comments down bellow. Share some of your interesting Linux experience, I will be glad to share them via my YouTube channel and social networks. That's it. Thanks for reading and see you next time. 

And remember, choose wisely, choose Linux a system that works!

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NDG Linux Essential - week 6 - part I

Welcome to my 6-th week of my NDG Linux Essential which cover working with files and directories. As noted previously on my recent articles related to my NDG Linux education, this course is a preparation for LCPI - 1 exam for becoming Linux System Administrator. Unlike the previous NDG Linux essential weeks, the article for week 6 of my NDG education is going to be published in two parts due to complexity of this week and subjects which it covers. I have completed it on my NDG dashboard but since this module it's self is somewhat bit complex that the previous one, it requires to write a separate report in two part. In short, I have worked with commands such as  pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, cp, mv,  rm, touch, cat, the following commands are the most common used commands when using Terminal. Final word in this intro is that the both article are going to be covered in video for my YouTube channel where I shall briefly comment it as well as my final exam.  

Written by: Amar Tufo

8. July 2017

NDG Linux Essential module 6 is successfully completed and as I have noted above, I had final exam of 10 questions to complete this week which is also finished and will be included at the end of this article. I don't know how much are you familiar with Linux terminal but this was one my favorite module of Linux education, working with Terminal and the following commands such as: pwd, cd, ls, mkdir, cp, mv,  rm, touch, cat and etc. Without knowing this commands you can't navigate trough Linux Terminal. I shall show you each command in example just to get idea of what each command does. 

1) pwd - currenty working directory

pwd command is useful since it allows you to see your current working directory. Once typed in Terminal, it gives you the following output:

Image 1: pwd command shows the current working directory in this case it's /home/amar

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

2) ls - list a content 

Once you find out you're current working directory, you may wanna list the directories that your home folder holds and here we are using ls command. Don't underestimate ls command, this is one hell of command which is very powerful since it have lot of options which will be demonstrated in this article.

Image 2: listing content of /home/directory using ls command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

Let assume that you wanna show all hidden files and folders that begin with .gconf, in this sample you wanna show the hidden folders as well as .gconf folder of you're /home directory. You are gonna use command ls -a which will look like this.

Image 3: Listing hidden files/directories using ls -a command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

What if you need to sort the files by it's size. Than you will use the ls -lS command to sort the files. Take a look at image 4.

Image 4: Listing files by it's file size using ls -lS command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

In this figure you need to note on two major things; First I have used a absolute path to access Desktop using cd /home/amar/Desktop and then I have listed the file contents on my Desktop using ls -lS command which sorted the files by it's size. In this case, the biggest file on my list is movie.mp4.  Also you need to note on the numbers of my movie.mp4 file (498787589). What are these numbers. They're the size of movie.mp4 but they are very difficult to read so we need to sort them by human readable size. We can achieve that by using the ls -lSh command which will sort the files by human readable size (in MB for example). 

Image 5: Listing files by it's human readable size using ls -lSh command

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

Here's a few notes on image 5 when it comes to sorting files using ls -lSh command. Note on the image above where it was estimated the contents size on my Desktop total 864 MB instead of 883868. Now, note down bellow that numbers in front of my movie.mp4 file have changed as well where it writes 476 MB which is estimated file size instead of 498787589. Now you can read the files sizes in bits, bytes, kilobytes, megabytes, and gigabytes as well. All you have to do is to enter this very useful ls -lSh command. 

3) cd - navigate to directory

When it comes to cd command there is nothing so special to mention about this command only it let's you to navigate to certain directory. Only thing here to note is the absolute and relative path. I have already mention what absolute path is and how to access certain directory using absolute path. This is absolute path: cd /home/amar/Desktop

Image 6: Accessing Desktop using absolute path cd /home/amar/Desktop

Image source: local/home/amar/Desktop

Note: 

Absolute path begins from (/) directory.

Relative path begins from present working directory.

Image 7: Accessing ndg_lab directory on Desktop using relative path

Image source: local/home/Desktop

Short note:  In this case (image 7) I have set Desktop as my present working directory and I wanted to access ndg_lab subdirectory on Desktop. I have achieve this using the following command and this is:

cd /home/amar/Desktop/ndg_lab

And this is how you access to certain directory using relative path. 

4) mkdir - make a directory

This command simply creates a new directory on Desktop or in your home directory.

Image 8: Creating YouTube directory on Desktop using mkdir command

Image source: /local/home/amar/Desktop

____________ Final words for part 1______________

Ok. This is all for my part I of NDG Linux Essential - week 6 -. In the second part I shall cover the remaining commands such as cp, mv,  rm, touch, cat, since writing this article in a single part would be way to big to write and to read as well. I will also publish my final exam for module 6 of NDG Linux Essential course as a separate article so that you can see the exam for you're self. This is all for today. Make sure to follow me on my LinkedIn as I have make an amazing articles from Linux education as well as my YouTube where you can find some useful tutorials on basic Linux commands and etc. 

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NDG Linux Lab1 - Terminal vještine

Kao što znate, trenutno je šesta sedmica moje NDG Linux edukacije za polaganje LCPI - 1 certifikata a ja sam veoma ozbiljno shvatio svoju obuku tako što sam kreirao nekoliko testova i sam u više navrata. Kako znate, progres svoje obuke s  testovima objavljujem na svojoj web stranici gdje možete pročitati izvještaje za svaku sedmicu koju sam do sada prešao, testove, laboratijske vježbe i slično.

Danas sam upravo imao prvu laboratorijsku vježbu u kojoj sam imao zadatak da kreiram na Desktop-u direktorij ndg_lab u koji sam trebao kreirati poddirektorij staff. Onda sam u taj isti direktorij trebao kreirati novu textualnu datoteku staff.txt te ju prekopirati i dati joj novo ime test.txt. Posljednji dio laboratorijske vježbe je od mene zahtjevao da u staff.txt datoteku upišem text 'Hello from Terminal!' te taj isti text prekopiram u test.txt datoteku. Ja želim da napomenem da rješenje ove laboratijske vježbe možete pročitati u mom .pdf dokumentu dole ispod gdje sam opisao cio postupak rješenja ovog zadatka uz video tutorijal koji je dostupan na mom YouTube kanalu. 

Piše: Amar Tufo

19. Juni, 2017

Kako vidite pred vama se nalazi fino pripremljeno cijelokupno riješenje ove laboratorijske vježbe koju sam danas upravo imao. Treba da napomenem da 6 modul moje NDG Linux edukacije podrazumijeva detaljan rad sa fajlovima i direktorijima, kreiranje datoteka, direktorijuma preko Terminala, preimenovanje, kopiranje te premještanje jedne datoteke/direktorijuma na drugu lokaciju i slično. Izvještaj za 6 sedmicu mog kursa će biti objavljen nešto kasnije a sada vam preporučujem da pogledate i video tutorijal ove vježbe dole ispod.

Video 1: Tutorijal NDG Lab 1 vježbe je dostupan na mom YouTube kanalu.

Izvor: www.youtube.com/c/amartufo 

To bilo sve u ovom izdanju NDG Lab vježbe. Uskoro slijedi i naredni NDG Lab 2 čija će objava i priprema malo potrajati ali u svakom slučaju nemojte zaboraviti komenrarisati ovaj moj lab, sam rad, obavezno stisnite SUB taster jer mi to mnogo pomaže u radu kako moje stranice pa tako i mog YouTube kanala. 

Do čitanja.

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VIDEO: How to convert RPM package to DEB?

As many of you know, I'm on my second month, 6-th week of my NDG Linux Essential course which is preparation for taking LCPI -1 exam for Linux System Administrator. Couple weeks ago I have launched my very own YouTube channel /Amar Tufo/ where I published my videos from Ubuntu Linux tutorials and other areas of my interests. Therefore I have made couple days ago this amazing tutorial on 'How to convert .RPM package into DEBIAN using Alien?'. It's a very short video that explain what alien is and how to use it. I shall note that this tutorial is not intended for Linux beginners as to fact that it assumed that you have some experience in Linux, that you are well familiar with Linux terminology as well as using Terminal. Before you watch my video, let us explain shortly what is Alien, how can you find out about Alien via Linux and so on.

Written by: Amar Tufo
18. June, 2017

1. It's GNU/alien and not an Alien!

Don't you worry, there are no Aliens inside Linux. It's a tool designed to convert an .RPM package into fully flash .DEBIAN installation package that you can later install via Terminal or by GNOME software. But, if you are not certain about alien as a tool, there's one guy that you can ask and it's a man alien. Once you typed man alien in your Terminal, the following page will appear and it will look like this:

Figure 1: Entry man page for alien

Image source: local /home/amar

Without further delay, here's the official video of this short tutorial which I made proudly using Kdenlive open source video editor. 

Video: How to convert .RPM package into .DEB using Alien

That's it. Make sure to watch this video and hopefully you will learn something from it. Please subscribe to my YouTube channel, like it, share it, and comment bellow the video. I see you next time.

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NDG Linux Essential course - week 5 -

Welcome to my NDG Linux Essential course week 5offcial report. It's been a while since I posted my four week report of my Linux education which is a preparation for taking LCPI - 1 (Linux System Administrator). As noted previously in my posts, NDG Linux Essential course is linked to my official category Linux Essential which is available at my website. It allows anyone to track my course progress as I went one. As you know, I have extended my education with my own Linux Lab's and Linux Exams to further my knowledge and to test my skills. 

Written by: Amar Tufo
25. May 2017

In the module 5 of my NDG Linux Essential course I have worked with getting help on Linux using the man command and it's argument. As you know, using man command you can find out in details arguments and option that goes with specific command such as man ls which will give you the following output.

Figure 1: Using man to find info about the certain command

I shall note that this is the one way you can get infos about each command you use in Linux Terminal. So if you're not sure about arguments that goes with command you use, than you know who you should contact, it's a man. 

There were also a PATH environment variables as well as which command that gives you exact path to specific command which will look like this. 

Figure 2: Using which command to find out the path of date

As you  probably know, the date command gives you current date, day and time and  such daemon is located in /bin/date folder.

One of the interesting part of this module was using the history command to print out previously used commands. History is very useful since it allows you to show a specific list of commands that have been previously used. It may be confusing but sometimes you have typed more than 100 commands and such list is to long to display but if you type $HISTSIZE = 25 it will print only 25 commands on your list. But, here's how history works in the following screen shoot.

Figure 3: Using history command in Terminal

You can also write a history shell variable named $HISTSIZE that will store exact number of your commands which looks like this.

Figure 4: Using history BASH shell variable $HISTSIZE

Entire module 5 was basically about providing help to the Linux user when using Terminal and so on. As far as my exam for module 5 which I have scored 10 and I'm really proud and happy on the fact that I'm getting better each time as I progress on my education. Here's my entire exam for module 5 that I have had.

Ok, this is my exam of module 5 for my NDG Linux education. Feel free to comment this article, take my exam to study it and use it as short Linux command reference. This is it for today and I see you soon in my module 6 of my Linux education. Till then best regards and have a nice weekend.

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NDG Linux Essential course - week 4 -

Welcome to my NDG Linux Essential course week 4 official report. It's been a while since I posted my third week report of this course in which I'm enrolled and today was my first lab on module 4 of this course. If you wonder what was the lab about, well it was Command Line skills and some frequent commands used in BASH such as: which, echo $PATH, echo today is `date` a back quotes command as well as uname. Most interesting part of NDG Linux Essential course Module4 was certainly final exam for this part in which I scored the 8 grade.  Here's a quick screen shoot of my test as well as my grade.

Written by: Amar Tufo

28. April 2017

Figure 1: NDG Linux Essential course | Module 4 exam

You can also see entire exam for module 4 of my NDG Linux Essential course in this pdf file which I have make.

As you can see above my test, there is my name on top of it to prove that I'm enrolled and so that NDG Linux Essential instructor can grade my work. Basically this test consisted from 10 questions covering both Linux terminology as well and BASH commands. This my final score on this exam.

Figure 2: NDG Linux Essential course | Module 4 exam score

I can say that I'm very happy and motivated by my accomplished results and progress that I achieved so far. Module 4 has been successfully completed and soon I will start Module 5 of this course. Till then, have a nice weekend and wee see you soon.

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